This page is currently under construction.
Resources will continue to be added to aid revision for the final exam at the end of the course.
The final exam will assess your knowledge and understanding of all the topics shown below.
An excellent Revision resource has been produced by the WJEC exam board to help with many of the topics listed below. Click here.
Resources will continue to be added to aid revision for the final exam at the end of the course.
The final exam will assess your knowledge and understanding of all the topics shown below.
An excellent Revision resource has been produced by the WJEC exam board to help with many of the topics listed below. Click here.
PRODUCT ANALYSIS
(a) the probable specification for the product
(b) the aesthetic appeal of the product
(c) the function and/or purpose of the product
(d) quality issues relating to the product
(e) the size data of the product
(f) the safety considerations of the product with reference to the end user
(g) the materials used in the manufacture of the product
(h)the scale of manufacture used to make the product
(i) the commercial processes used to make and assemble the product
(j) safety considerations for making the product
(k) sustainability and environmentalissues.
Refer to Chapter 2 WJEC Resistant Materials Text Book - pages
32-37
(a) the probable specification for the product
(b) the aesthetic appeal of the product
(c) the function and/or purpose of the product
(d) quality issues relating to the product
(e) the size data of the product
(f) the safety considerations of the product with reference to the end user
(g) the materials used in the manufacture of the product
(h)the scale of manufacture used to make the product
(i) the commercial processes used to make and assemble the product
(j) safety considerations for making the product
(k) sustainability and environmentalissues.
Refer to Chapter 2 WJEC Resistant Materials Text Book - pages
32-37
SUSTAINABILITY and LEGISLATIVE ISSUES
Sustainability in Design and Technology
You should be able to look at the world we live in and to consider the needs of future generations and will need to consider how, as designers
and manufacturers, they can minimise their environmental impact and also to show in their work how we can have a more sustainable future.
(a) recognise why sustainability issues and environmental issues are important
(b) consider sustainability issues and environmental issues when designing and manufacturing
(c) recognise and take account of social, economic and environmental responsibility in designing and making products.
(d) understand and use the SIX Rs of sustainability, that is: rethink reuse recycle repair reduce refuse
(e) understand that sustainable designing is more than using recycled or recyclable materials to manufacture their products. It is about the total impact that the process of designing and making has on the environment
(f) carry out a 'Life cycle Analysis' to determine the environmental impact of a product.
Sustainability in Design and Technology
You should be able to look at the world we live in and to consider the needs of future generations and will need to consider how, as designers
and manufacturers, they can minimise their environmental impact and also to show in their work how we can have a more sustainable future.
(a) recognise why sustainability issues and environmental issues are important
(b) consider sustainability issues and environmental issues when designing and manufacturing
(c) recognise and take account of social, economic and environmental responsibility in designing and making products.
(d) understand and use the SIX Rs of sustainability, that is: rethink reuse recycle repair reduce refuse
(e) understand that sustainable designing is more than using recycled or recyclable materials to manufacture their products. It is about the total impact that the process of designing and making has on the environment
(f) carry out a 'Life cycle Analysis' to determine the environmental impact of a product.
Refer to Chapter 3 WJEC Resistant Materials Text Book - pages
38-57
38-57
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OTHER DESIGNERS / PRACTITIONERS
You should be able to recognise the influence of two Designers/ Practitioners in the world of Design and Technology with respect to:
(a) the range of work that each of the Designers/Practitioners have produced over time;
(b) how to identify the work of each of the Designers/Practitioners;
(c) the innovations and/or new ideas that the two Designers/Practitioners have introduced over time;
(d) the influence that each of the two Designers/Practitioners has had on the world of Design and Technology.
Each Focus Area will specify two Designers/Practitioners for each examination year and the awarding body will review the two Designers/Practitioners each year.
Bethan Gray
•The winner of the prestigious Best British Designer Award 2013, Welsh designer Bethan Gray combines a passion for using luxurious natural materials - leather, marble and solid wood - with an extensive knowledge of craftsmanship and cutting- edge manufacturing technologies.
•Her warm and contemporary designs reflect her personal history. Her maternal ancestors, famous for being artistically inclined, travelled from Rajasthan to Persia hundreds of years ago before eventually settling in Wales in the 18th-century. Bethan’s designs are hence strongly rooted to both traditional Welsh culture and craft as well as to the geometric patterns and forms, and use of light found in the East.
•She is further inspired by everyday items that surround us all, and to objects and buildings discovered whilst travelling the globe. Her great-great-grandmother defied 19th-century convention to become a cabinetmaker, whilst her grandfather worked as a forester and made small carved objects for Bethan as a child - nurturing her love of crafting objects from those natural materials.
•The winner of the prestigious Best British Designer Award 2013, Welsh designer Bethan Gray combines a passion for using luxurious natural materials - leather, marble and solid wood - with an extensive knowledge of craftsmanship and cutting- edge manufacturing technologies.
•Her warm and contemporary designs reflect her personal history. Her maternal ancestors, famous for being artistically inclined, travelled from Rajasthan to Persia hundreds of years ago before eventually settling in Wales in the 18th-century. Bethan’s designs are hence strongly rooted to both traditional Welsh culture and craft as well as to the geometric patterns and forms, and use of light found in the East.
•She is further inspired by everyday items that surround us all, and to objects and buildings discovered whilst travelling the globe. Her great-great-grandmother defied 19th-century convention to become a cabinetmaker, whilst her grandfather worked as a forester and made small carved objects for Bethan as a child - nurturing her love of crafting objects from those natural materials.
Philippe Starck
Philippe Starck is one of the worlds most famous designers. He was born in 1949 and was first inspired by his father who worked as an aircraft designer. Philippe Starck is an industrial designer as well as an architect. Unlike some designers, Starck designs are usable household objects marketed for the masses. Starcks designs are affordable for all not just the
elite. Philippe Starck creates his designs to lift people out of the everyday and into an imaginative and creative world.
Features that identify the work of Philippe Stark:
His designs are often streamlined, stylized and organic. Starck designs use a range of different materials such as glass,
plastic aluminium, plush fabric amongst others. Starck has designed the interiors of cafes, restaurants and other establishments. Starck has also been involved with the exterior design of buildings his most famous being the man in Tokyo. Starck’s designs have changed our lamps, door handles, cutlery, kettles, vases, clocks, scooters, motorcycles,
desks, beds, taps, toothbrushes, baths, toilets… in short, our whole life.
Philippe Starck could best be described as a post modernist designer in the New Design style.
Key aspects of post modernism
Philippe Starck is one of the worlds most famous designers. He was born in 1949 and was first inspired by his father who worked as an aircraft designer. Philippe Starck is an industrial designer as well as an architect. Unlike some designers, Starck designs are usable household objects marketed for the masses. Starcks designs are affordable for all not just the
elite. Philippe Starck creates his designs to lift people out of the everyday and into an imaginative and creative world.
Features that identify the work of Philippe Stark:
His designs are often streamlined, stylized and organic. Starck designs use a range of different materials such as glass,
plastic aluminium, plush fabric amongst others. Starck has designed the interiors of cafes, restaurants and other establishments. Starck has also been involved with the exterior design of buildings his most famous being the man in Tokyo. Starck’s designs have changed our lamps, door handles, cutlery, kettles, vases, clocks, scooters, motorcycles,
desks, beds, taps, toothbrushes, baths, toilets… in short, our whole life.
Philippe Starck could best be described as a post modernist designer in the New Design style.
Key aspects of post modernism
- Rule breaking
- Weird
- Repulsive but liberating
- No one set formula.
- No-one mentioned forms, colours, styles, decorations,
- Post modernism is about questioning the truth, scepticism.
- Post modernists believe there is no one story.
- Post modernism questions and does not trust authority.
- Post modernism challenges the senses.
- Post modernists design is fun.
- Post Modernists design is decorative.
Legislative Issues in Design and Technology
You should:
(a) know about the work of the British Standards Institution (BSI) and how it is related to the Committee for European Standardisation (CEN) and how the International StandardsOrganisation (ISO)
(b) know how standards are produced, what they are for and how products reach the standards are marked
(c) know about and apply the laws of Health and Safety An awareness of the Health and Safety of Work Act.
You should have:
(a) An awareness of COSHH(Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)
(b) Risk Assessment in school and the workplace.
You should:
(a) know about the work of the British Standards Institution (BSI) and how it is related to the Committee for European Standardisation (CEN) and how the International StandardsOrganisation (ISO)
(b) know how standards are produced, what they are for and how products reach the standards are marked
(c) know about and apply the laws of Health and Safety An awareness of the Health and Safety of Work Act.
You should have:
(a) An awareness of COSHH(Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)
(b) Risk Assessment in school and the workplace.
Refer to WJEC Resistant Materials Text Book - pages
112-115 |
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COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
This section is about developing an understanding of a range of commercial Manufacturing Processes that use resistant materials in their production.
Understand manufacturing systems, including one off, batch and high volume production.
· Use of different levels of production taking into account economic decisions.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing single, one off products.
· A knowledge of arange of products / contexts that are produced as one off single pieces.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing products in limited quantity.
· Understand the need to produce a number of identical products.
· Show an understanding of jigs and devices to control repeat activities.
· A knowledge of a range of products / contexts that are produced in batches.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of high volume, continuous production.
· Appreciate issues related to high volume production.
· Understand a commercial production line and its features.
· Understand the importance of CAM in modern high volume production.
· A knowledge of a range of products / contexts suitablefor high volume, continuous production.
This section is about developing an understanding of a range of commercial Manufacturing Processes that use resistant materials in their production.
Understand manufacturing systems, including one off, batch and high volume production.
· Use of different levels of production taking into account economic decisions.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing single, one off products.
· A knowledge of arange of products / contexts that are produced as one off single pieces.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing products in limited quantity.
· Understand the need to produce a number of identical products.
· Show an understanding of jigs and devices to control repeat activities.
· A knowledge of a range of products / contexts that are produced in batches.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of high volume, continuous production.
· Appreciate issues related to high volume production.
· Understand a commercial production line and its features.
· Understand the importance of CAM in modern high volume production.
· A knowledge of a range of products / contexts suitablefor high volume, continuous production.
Manufacturing methods used in the production of commercially produced wood, metal and plastic products.
Woods
· Understanding of the principles of producing wood products and components using the following processes:
Veneering.
Laminating.
Steam bending.
· Understand the processes related to the production of manufactured boards.
· A knowledge of typical wood materials used in each production method.
· A knowledge of typical products that are manufactured using each production method.
· The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each production method.
· Understanding of the principles of producing wood products and components using the following processes:
Veneering.
Laminating.
Steam bending.
· Understand the processes related to the production of manufactured boards.
· A knowledge of typical wood materials used in each production method.
· A knowledge of typical products that are manufactured using each production method.
· The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each production method.
Veneering
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Laminating
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Steam Bending
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Plastics
· Plastics processes that use thermo and thermosetting plastics.
· Understanding of the principles of producing plastic products and components using the following processes:
Blow moulding.
Injection moulding.
Vacuum forming.
Press moulding.
Compression moulding.
Rotational moulding.
Extrusion
· A knowledge of typical plastics used in each production method.
· A knowledge of typical products that are manufactured using each production method.
· The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each production method.
· Plastics processes that use thermo and thermosetting plastics.
· Understanding of the principles of producing plastic products and components using the following processes:
Blow moulding.
Injection moulding.
Vacuum forming.
Press moulding.
Compression moulding.
Rotational moulding.
Extrusion
· A knowledge of typical plastics used in each production method.
· A knowledge of typical products that are manufactured using each production method.
· The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each production method.
Plastics and their uses.
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Plastic Identification Code
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Metals
Understanding of the principles of producing metal products and components using the following processes:
Forging.
Extruding.
Die casting.
Arc, spot, mig and oxyacetylene welding.
Spinning.
Pressing.
· A knowledge of typical metals used in each production method.
· A knowledge of typical products that are manufactured using each production method.
· The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each production method.
· Metal processes that use ferrous, non ferrous and alloys.
· Brazing, silver soldering, bending.
Understand management systems for production of quality commercial products.
· Understand the importance of quality assurance in the production of commercial products.
· Appreciate the role of the British Standards Institution, kite marks, CE.
· Understand a typical manufacturing and assembly line.
· Understand the need to incorporate quality control measures in the production process.
· Understand the importance of quality assurance in the production of commercial products.
· Appreciate the role of the British Standards Institution, kite marks, CE.
· Understand a typical manufacturing and assembly line.
· Understand the need to incorporate quality control measures in the production process.
Apply safe working practices, including identifying hazards and risk assessment.
· Understand the importance of identifying hazards and creating risk assessments in commercial and school based scenarios.
· Appreciate the need to produce products in a safe working environment.
· Understand the need to identify the risks and hazards in commercial production.
· Understand the use of the 5 Step risk assessment:
Identify hazard.
Consider who might be harmed and how.
Evaluate potential risk.
Record.
Review.
· Understand the importance of identifying hazards and creating risk assessments in commercial and school based scenarios.
· Appreciate the need to produce products in a safe working environment.
· Understand the need to identify the risks and hazards in commercial production.
· Understand the use of the 5 Step risk assessment:
Identify hazard.
Consider who might be harmed and how.
Evaluate potential risk.
Record.
Review.
Be aware of global commercial production.
· Understanding of production and manufacturing costs, related to cost of
labour, materials and production of resistant material based commercial
products.
· Understanding of production and manufacturing costs, related to cost of
labour, materials and production of resistant material based commercial
products.
Be aware of global commercial production.
· Understanding of production and manufacturing costs, related to cost of
labour, materials and production of resistant material based commercial
· Understanding of production and manufacturing costs, related to cost of
labour, materials and production of resistant material based commercial
Understand environmental impact of commercial production methods.
· Affect on the environment of commercial production and demand for finite resources.
· Energy sources, production methods, global demand.
· Methods and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.
· Affect on the environment of commercial production and demand for finite resources.
· Energy sources, production methods, global demand.
· Methods and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.
Modern commercial processes and practices.
· Appreciate microprocessor and PLC control.
· Understand the principles of JIT (Just inTime).
· Understand the advantages of Rapid prototyping in product development.
· Understand the affects labour and production costs on modern manufacturing companies
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages to the manufacturer, customer and workforce of moving
production to countries with lower labour costs.
· Understand the work of regulatory bodies to ensure products are safe and fit for purpose.
· Understand the work of:
BSI - British StandardsInstitution.
CE - Conformité Européenne.
FIRA - Furniture Industry Research Association
· Appreciate microprocessor and PLC control.
· Understand the principles of JIT (Just inTime).
· Understand the advantages of Rapid prototyping in product development.
· Understand the affects labour and production costs on modern manufacturing companies
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages to the manufacturer, customer and workforce of moving
production to countries with lower labour costs.
· Understand the work of regulatory bodies to ensure products are safe and fit for purpose.
· Understand the work of:
BSI - British StandardsInstitution.
CE - Conformité Européenne.
FIRA - Furniture Industry Research Association
MATERIALS & COMPONENTS
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of a range of woods, metals and plastics and modern materials and components to make quality products.
Materials
· Select materials appropriate to the task.
· Understand the physical and working properties of a variety of common resistant materials including:
Woods, Metals, Polymers, Composite materials and new and modern materials.
· Understand that materials can be modified to improve properties, finish and appearance.
· Understand that the properties of a material can be affected by its method of manufacture e.g. corrugated steel sheet.
· Identify and select materials for a particular purpose.
· Choose materials on the basis of aesthetic, physical, economic, sustainability and performance factors.
· Select and use the best material for the construction techniques used for the manufacture and the function of the product.
· Consider advances in material technology.
· Understand the physical properties of materials including:
Density.
Fusability - Melting Point.
Thermal Conductivity.
Electrical Conductivity.
· Understand the mechanical properties of materials including:
Strength.
Plasticity.
Malleability.
Ductility.
Hardness.
Durability.
· Understand how to test materials for:
Tensile Strength.
Hardness.
Toughness.
Ductility.
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of a range of woods, metals and plastics and modern materials and components to make quality products.
Materials
· Select materials appropriate to the task.
· Understand the physical and working properties of a variety of common resistant materials including:
Woods, Metals, Polymers, Composite materials and new and modern materials.
· Understand that materials can be modified to improve properties, finish and appearance.
· Understand that the properties of a material can be affected by its method of manufacture e.g. corrugated steel sheet.
· Identify and select materials for a particular purpose.
· Choose materials on the basis of aesthetic, physical, economic, sustainability and performance factors.
· Select and use the best material for the construction techniques used for the manufacture and the function of the product.
· Consider advances in material technology.
· Understand the physical properties of materials including:
Density.
Fusability - Melting Point.
Thermal Conductivity.
Electrical Conductivity.
· Understand the mechanical properties of materials including:
Strength.
Plasticity.
Malleability.
Ductility.
Hardness.
Durability.
· Understand how to test materials for:
Tensile Strength.
Hardness.
Toughness.
Ductility.
Solid Timber
· You should know about solid timber, it's strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
· Understand that timber is harvested from decidious (Hardwoods) and coniferous (softwood) trees throughout the world.
· Understand that timbers are available from tropical and temperate regions and that timbers have sustainability issues.
· Understand how trees grow and the structure of timber.
· Understand how timber is felled, converted and seasoned ready for use.
· Understand that timber suffers from defects including: - Shrinkage, Splits, Shakes, Knots, Fungial attack.
· Understand that timber is sold in the following forms: - Plank, Board, Strip, Square, and Dowel.
· Understand that timber is available as:
Rough saw.
PBS - Planed Both Sides.
PAR - Planed All Round.
· Understand that timber can be identified using a range of descriminators including:
Weight.
Colour.
Grain.
Texture.
Durability.
Uses.
Ease of working.
Cost.
· Understand the properties of the following Temperate Hardwoods:
Beech.
Ash.
Oak.
Birch.
· Understand the properties of the following Tropical Hardwoods:
Mahogany.
Jelutong.
Teak.
Balsa.
· Understand the properties of the following softwoods:
Scots Pine.
Western Red Ceder.
Spruce.
Parana Pine.
· You should know about solid timber, it's strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
· Understand that timber is harvested from decidious (Hardwoods) and coniferous (softwood) trees throughout the world.
· Understand that timbers are available from tropical and temperate regions and that timbers have sustainability issues.
· Understand how trees grow and the structure of timber.
· Understand how timber is felled, converted and seasoned ready for use.
· Understand that timber suffers from defects including: - Shrinkage, Splits, Shakes, Knots, Fungial attack.
· Understand that timber is sold in the following forms: - Plank, Board, Strip, Square, and Dowel.
· Understand that timber is available as:
Rough saw.
PBS - Planed Both Sides.
PAR - Planed All Round.
· Understand that timber can be identified using a range of descriminators including:
Weight.
Colour.
Grain.
Texture.
Durability.
Uses.
Ease of working.
Cost.
· Understand the properties of the following Temperate Hardwoods:
Beech.
Ash.
Oak.
Birch.
· Understand the properties of the following Tropical Hardwoods:
Mahogany.
Jelutong.
Teak.
Balsa.
· Understand the properties of the following softwoods:
Scots Pine.
Western Red Ceder.
Spruce.
Parana Pine.
Manufactured Board
· Know about manufactured board, it's strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
· Understand that manufactured board is made from solid timber.
· Understand how manufactured board are manufactured.
· Appreciate the standard sizes of the availability of manufactured boards.
· Understand that veneer is produced from solid timber.
· Understand the advantages and benefits of using veneer.
· Understand the properties of the following manufactured boards:
Plywood.
MDF - Medium Density Fibreboard.
Chipboard.
Hardboard.
Veneer.
· Know about manufactured board, it's strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
· Understand that manufactured board is made from solid timber.
· Understand how manufactured board are manufactured.
· Appreciate the standard sizes of the availability of manufactured boards.
· Understand that veneer is produced from solid timber.
· Understand the advantages and benefits of using veneer.
· Understand the properties of the following manufactured boards:
Plywood.
MDF - Medium Density Fibreboard.
Chipboard.
Hardboard.
Veneer.
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Polymers
· Know about polymers their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in their designing and making.
· Understand that polymers can be made from both natural and synthetic resources.
· That polymers are made by a process of polymerisation.
· Understand that the properties of polymers are determined and can be modified by changing the polymerisation process.
· Understand that additives are used in the manufacture of plastics including:
Plasticizers.
Fillers.
Colour pigments.
· Understand that polymers can be strengthened by reinforcement including:
Glass.
Carbon fibre.
Kevlar.
· Understand that polymers are available in expanded forms including:
Open cell - known as foams.
Closed cell - known as expanded plastics.
· Understand that polymers are available in a wide range of forms including:
Powders.
Granules.
Pellets.
Liquids.
Films.
Sheets.
· Understand that polymers can be identified using a range of descriminators including:
Appearance.
Rigidity.
Feel.
Bending.
Heating.
Burning.
Density / Specific Gravity.
· Understand that new polymers are being developed often for specific purposes including:
Biodegradability.
Compostability.
· Know about polymers their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in their designing and making.
· Understand that polymers can be made from both natural and synthetic resources.
· That polymers are made by a process of polymerisation.
· Understand that the properties of polymers are determined and can be modified by changing the polymerisation process.
· Understand that additives are used in the manufacture of plastics including:
Plasticizers.
Fillers.
Colour pigments.
· Understand that polymers can be strengthened by reinforcement including:
Glass.
Carbon fibre.
Kevlar.
· Understand that polymers are available in expanded forms including:
Open cell - known as foams.
Closed cell - known as expanded plastics.
· Understand that polymers are available in a wide range of forms including:
Powders.
Granules.
Pellets.
Liquids.
Films.
Sheets.
· Understand that polymers can be identified using a range of descriminators including:
Appearance.
Rigidity.
Feel.
Bending.
Heating.
Burning.
Density / Specific Gravity.
· Understand that new polymers are being developed often for specific purposes including:
Biodegradability.
Compostability.
Thermo Plastics
Know about thermoplastics their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in their designing and making.
Understand the properties of the following Thermoplastics:
LDPE - Low density Polythene. HDPE - High density Polythene. PP - Polypropylene.
PS - Polystyrene.
HIPS - High Impact Polystyrene.
uPVC - Ultra Violet Stabilised Polyvinyl-chloride.
PVC - Polyvinyl-chloride.
PMMA - Polymethyl-methacrylate (Acrylic).
ABS - Acrylonitride-butadienestyrene.
NYLON
PET - Polyethylene terephthalate.
Thermosetting Plastics
Know about thermo plastics their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in their designing and making.
Understand the properties of the following thermosetting plastics:
UF - Urea formaldehyde.
MF - Melamine formaldehyde.
PR - Polyester Resin.
ER - Epoxy Resin.
Know about thermo plastics their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in their designing and making.
Understand the properties of the following thermosetting plastics:
UF - Urea formaldehyde.
MF - Melamine formaldehyde.
PR - Polyester Resin.
ER - Epoxy Resin.
Metals
· Know about metals their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use theinformation in their designing and making.
· Understand that metals are classified as Ferrous Metals, Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys.
· Understand how Ferrous metals are made.
· Understand how Non-Ferrous metals are made.
· Understand the structure of metals.
· Understand the heat treatment of metals including:
Annealing.
Normalising.
Hardening.
Tempering.
Case hardening.
· Understand that metals are available in a number of common forms including:
Rod.
Square Rod.
Hexagonal Rod.
Strip.Sheet.
Round Tube.
SquareTube.
Angle.
Channel.
· Know about metals their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use theinformation in their designing and making.
· Understand that metals are classified as Ferrous Metals, Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys.
· Understand how Ferrous metals are made.
· Understand how Non-Ferrous metals are made.
· Understand the structure of metals.
· Understand the heat treatment of metals including:
Annealing.
Normalising.
Hardening.
Tempering.
Case hardening.
· Understand that metals are available in a number of common forms including:
Rod.
Square Rod.
Hexagonal Rod.
Strip.Sheet.
Round Tube.
SquareTube.
Angle.
Channel.
Ferrous Metals
· Know about ferrous metals their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Candidates should to be taught about the following materials:
Cast Iron.
Mild steel.
Medium Carbon Steel.
High Carbon Steel.
· Know about ferrous metals their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Candidates should to be taught about the following materials:
Cast Iron.
Mild steel.
Medium Carbon Steel.
High Carbon Steel.
Alloy Steels
· Know about the folowing alloy steels their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Stainless Steel.
HighSpeed Steel.
High Tensile Steel.
· Know about the folowing alloy steels their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Stainless Steel.
HighSpeed Steel.
High Tensile Steel.
Non-Ferrous Metals
You should know about the following non-ferrous metals, their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Aluminium.
Duralumin.
Copper.
Brass.
Bronze.
Pewter.
Silver
You should know about the following non-ferrous metals, their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Aluminium.
Duralumin.
Copper.
Brass.
Bronze.
Pewter.
Silver
Modern Materials
· Know about the following composites and functional (Smart) materials their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
TungstenCarbide.
GRP - Glass Reinforced Plastic.
Liquid crystal and thermochromic displays.
Electroluminescent lighting.
Light emitting polymers.
Understand the importance of Nano technology to change and enhance the properties of materials such as:
High electrical and thermal conductivity.
Strength.Stiffness and toughness.
Wear and scratch resistance.
You should develop an understanding of the applications for Nano technology and Nano materials such as:
Light emitting phosphors.
Nano crystalline materials such as TungstenCarbide and Titanium.
Carbide to improve wear resistance in machine parts.
Coatings to produce self cleaning windows.
Paint technology.
· Know about the following composites and functional (Smart) materials their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
TungstenCarbide.
GRP - Glass Reinforced Plastic.
Liquid crystal and thermochromic displays.
Electroluminescent lighting.
Light emitting polymers.
Understand the importance of Nano technology to change and enhance the properties of materials such as:
High electrical and thermal conductivity.
Strength.Stiffness and toughness.
Wear and scratch resistance.
You should develop an understanding of the applications for Nano technology and Nano materials such as:
Light emitting phosphors.
Nano crystalline materials such as TungstenCarbide and Titanium.
Carbide to improve wear resistance in machine parts.
Coatings to produce self cleaning windows.
Paint technology.
Components
· Know that components include a range of pre-manufactured parts that could be included in a product.
· Select components appropriate to the task.
· Identify and select components for a particular purpose.
· Choose components on the basis of aesthetic, physical, economic, sustainability and performance factors.
· Choose components to satisfy the design requirements set out in a brief and specification.
· You should have an understanding of the following components, their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Nuts and Bolts.
Washers.
Screws.
Set Screws.
Wood Screws.
Rivets.
Nails.
Stays.
Hinges.
Catches.
Locks.
· Understand that Knock-down fittings (KDF) are used extensively in self assembly furniture.
· Understand the advantages of KDFs to the manufacturer and the consumer.
· Understand how KDFs improve the strength and rigidity of products.
· You should know about the following KDFs:
Bloc-joint.
Modesty bloc.
Scan fittings.
Disc and peg.
· Know that components include a range of pre-manufactured parts that could be included in a product.
· Select components appropriate to the task.
· Identify and select components for a particular purpose.
· Choose components on the basis of aesthetic, physical, economic, sustainability and performance factors.
· Choose components to satisfy the design requirements set out in a brief and specification.
· You should have an understanding of the following components, their strengths and weaknesses and be able to use the information in your designing and making.
Nuts and Bolts.
Washers.
Screws.
Set Screws.
Wood Screws.
Rivets.
Nails.
Stays.
Hinges.
Catches.
Locks.
· Understand that Knock-down fittings (KDF) are used extensively in self assembly furniture.
· Understand the advantages of KDFs to the manufacturer and the consumer.
· Understand how KDFs improve the strength and rigidity of products.
· You should know about the following KDFs:
Bloc-joint.
Modesty bloc.
Scan fittings.
Disc and peg.
TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MAKING
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of how to safely use a range of tools and equipment to
cut,shape, drill, form and join resistant materials.
Know how to follow safe working procedures in the practical environment.
· Wear appropriate protective clothing and safety equipment when working with resistant materials and equipment.
· Safely and correctly use a range of machine and handtools appropriate to the materials they are using.
· Understand and follow risk assessments for workshop procedures.
· Understand and be familiar with workshop Health and Safety signs related to:
Eye protection.
Sound levels.
Protective clothing.
Fumes and dust levels.
Electrical supplies.
Hazardous chemicals.
· Understand and apply safety procedures involved with common machine processes.
· Select methods of manufacture appropriate to the task.
Use hand tools and equipment.
· Select and use appropriate tools and equipment to mark out, hold, cut, shape, drill, form, bend wood, metals and plastics.
Marking out in wood.
· Mark out and prepare wood using the following tools and equipment:
Try Square.
Mitre Square.
Bradawl.
Rule.
Marking knife.
Marking gauge.
Mortise Gauge.
Sliding bevel.
Marking out in metal
· Mark out and prepare metal using the following tools and equipment:
Engineers Square.
Scriber.
Centre Punch.
Rule.
Dividers.
Centre square.
Micrometer.
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of how to safely use a range of tools and equipment to
cut,shape, drill, form and join resistant materials.
Know how to follow safe working procedures in the practical environment.
· Wear appropriate protective clothing and safety equipment when working with resistant materials and equipment.
· Safely and correctly use a range of machine and handtools appropriate to the materials they are using.
· Understand and follow risk assessments for workshop procedures.
· Understand and be familiar with workshop Health and Safety signs related to:
Eye protection.
Sound levels.
Protective clothing.
Fumes and dust levels.
Electrical supplies.
Hazardous chemicals.
· Understand and apply safety procedures involved with common machine processes.
· Select methods of manufacture appropriate to the task.
Use hand tools and equipment.
· Select and use appropriate tools and equipment to mark out, hold, cut, shape, drill, form, bend wood, metals and plastics.
Marking out in wood.
· Mark out and prepare wood using the following tools and equipment:
Try Square.
Mitre Square.
Bradawl.
Rule.
Marking knife.
Marking gauge.
Mortise Gauge.
Sliding bevel.
Marking out in metal
· Mark out and prepare metal using the following tools and equipment:
Engineers Square.
Scriber.
Centre Punch.
Rule.
Dividers.
Centre square.
Micrometer.
Marking out in plastics.
· Mark out and prepare plastics using the following tools and equipment:
Engineers Square.
Fibre tip pen.
Rule.
Sliding bevel.
· Mark out and prepare plastics using the following tools and equipment:
Engineers Square.
Fibre tip pen.
Rule.
Sliding bevel.
Cutting and shaping wood.
· You should know how to cut and shape wood using the following tools and equipment:
Tenon Saw.
Hand drill.
Coping Saw.
Dovetail saw.
Handsaw.
Firmer chisel.
Mortising chisel.
Jack / Smoothing plane.
Surform.
Spoke shave.
Rebate plane.
Mallet.
Glass paper (various grades).
Hand drill.
Hole saw.
Forstener bit.
Countersink drill.
Twist drill.
Flat bit.
· You should know how to cut and shape wood using the following tools and equipment:
Tenon Saw.
Hand drill.
Coping Saw.
Dovetail saw.
Handsaw.
Firmer chisel.
Mortising chisel.
Jack / Smoothing plane.
Surform.
Spoke shave.
Rebate plane.
Mallet.
Glass paper (various grades).
Hand drill.
Hole saw.
Forstener bit.
Countersink drill.
Twist drill.
Flat bit.
Cutting and shaping metals.
· Cut and shape metals using the following tools and equipment:
Hacksaw.
Junior Hacksaw.
Tin snips.
Files (range of shapes and cuts).
Guillotine.
Taps and dies.
Emery paper.
Wet and dry paper (various grades).
Twist drill.
Planishing hammer / sand bag.
· Cut and shape metals using the following tools and equipment:
Hacksaw.
Junior Hacksaw.
Tin snips.
Files (range of shapes and cuts).
Guillotine.
Taps and dies.
Emery paper.
Wet and dry paper (various grades).
Twist drill.
Planishing hammer / sand bag.
Cutting and shaping plastics.
· Candidates should be taught how to cut and shape plastics using the following tools and equipment:
Hacksaw.
Junior Hacksaw.
Coping saw.
Files (range of shapes and cuts).
Wet and dry paper.
Hole saw.
Countersink drill.
Twist drill.
Forstener bit.
· Candidates should be taught how to cut and shape plastics using the following tools and equipment:
Hacksaw.
Junior Hacksaw.
Coping saw.
Files (range of shapes and cuts).
Wet and dry paper.
Hole saw.
Countersink drill.
Twist drill.
Forstener bit.
Holding and securing resistant materials.
· Correctly hold and secure resistant materials in order to drill, join, shape and form using the following holding tools:
G cramp.
Sash cramp.
Belt cramp.
Mitre cramp.
Engineers Vice.
Woodworkers / Carpenters Vice.
Toolmakers Clamp.
Machine vice.
Handvice.
Use machine tools and equipment.
· Select and use appropriate machine tools and equipment to drill, turn, mortise and mill wood, metals and plastics.
· Understand the safety precautions involved.
· Know how to mark out the work piece.
· Know how to set up and secure the work piece.
· Know how to set up and secure the cutting tool.
· Understand how to safely operate the machine.
· The following machines can be used to carry out the following basic processes:
Metal
Metalworking lathe - face off an end.
- turn down bar to reduce the diameter.
Milling machine - create a slot or face edge.
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
Wood
Woodworking lathe - turn a dome / bowl.
- turn a cylinder between two centres.
Mortising machine - make a blind mortise.
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
Plastics
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
· Use a range of portable power tools appropriate to the manufacture of resistant materials products including:
Power drills, power screwdrivers and jigsaws.
Jigs and formers
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used to ensure accuracy when producing single pieces.
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used to ensure accuracy when producing multiple identical pieces.
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used for metal, wood and plastic parts.
· Understand that jigs and formers can reduce the manufacturing time of a product.
· Understand jigs and formers can be used for drilling, bending, cutting, forming andjoining resistant materials.
· Correctly hold and secure resistant materials in order to drill, join, shape and form using the following holding tools:
G cramp.
Sash cramp.
Belt cramp.
Mitre cramp.
Engineers Vice.
Woodworkers / Carpenters Vice.
Toolmakers Clamp.
Machine vice.
Handvice.
Use machine tools and equipment.
· Select and use appropriate machine tools and equipment to drill, turn, mortise and mill wood, metals and plastics.
· Understand the safety precautions involved.
· Know how to mark out the work piece.
· Know how to set up and secure the work piece.
· Know how to set up and secure the cutting tool.
· Understand how to safely operate the machine.
· The following machines can be used to carry out the following basic processes:
Metal
Metalworking lathe - face off an end.
- turn down bar to reduce the diameter.
Milling machine - create a slot or face edge.
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
Wood
Woodworking lathe - turn a dome / bowl.
- turn a cylinder between two centres.
Mortising machine - make a blind mortise.
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
Plastics
Pillar Drill - drill holes to various diameters.
· Use a range of portable power tools appropriate to the manufacture of resistant materials products including:
Power drills, power screwdrivers and jigsaws.
Jigs and formers
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used to ensure accuracy when producing single pieces.
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used to ensure accuracy when producing multiple identical pieces.
· Understand that jigs and formers can be used for metal, wood and plastic parts.
· Understand that jigs and formers can reduce the manufacturing time of a product.
· Understand jigs and formers can be used for drilling, bending, cutting, forming andjoining resistant materials.
SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of a range of processes used to work, form and join resistant
materials.
Bending and forming
· Know about the important stages in order to be able to bend, form and manipulate resistant materials.
Bending and Forming Wood
· Understand that wood can be laminated to improve its appearance and strength.
· Understand that wood can be laminated to change its form.
· Understand that wood can be steam bent.
· Understand the importance of constructing an accurate mould, jig or former.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:
Laminating;
Steam Bending.
Bending and Forming Metal
· Understand the properties of metal and that metals are most often heated before or during forming.
· Understand the correct temperatures different metals need to be heated to before forming.
· Understand the terms Annealing, Normalising, Hardening, Tempering and Case hardening.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:
Forging.
Beaten metalwork.
Sheet metalfolding.
Casting (Pewter or Aluminium).
Bending and Forming Plastic
· Understand that thermoplastics can be formed using a variety of processes.
· Understand the requirements of making a successful mould.
· Appreciate the most appropriate materials for each process.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:Line bending.
Vacuum forming.
Press forming / moulding.
Injection moulding.
Blow moulding.
Laminating Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP).
This section is about developing a knowledge and understanding of a range of processes used to work, form and join resistant
materials.
Bending and forming
· Know about the important stages in order to be able to bend, form and manipulate resistant materials.
Bending and Forming Wood
· Understand that wood can be laminated to improve its appearance and strength.
· Understand that wood can be laminated to change its form.
· Understand that wood can be steam bent.
· Understand the importance of constructing an accurate mould, jig or former.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:
Laminating;
Steam Bending.
Bending and Forming Metal
· Understand the properties of metal and that metals are most often heated before or during forming.
· Understand the correct temperatures different metals need to be heated to before forming.
· Understand the terms Annealing, Normalising, Hardening, Tempering and Case hardening.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:
Forging.
Beaten metalwork.
Sheet metalfolding.
Casting (Pewter or Aluminium).
Bending and Forming Plastic
· Understand that thermoplastics can be formed using a variety of processes.
· Understand the requirements of making a successful mould.
· Appreciate the most appropriate materials for each process.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following processes:Line bending.
Vacuum forming.
Press forming / moulding.
Injection moulding.
Blow moulding.
Laminating Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP).
Joining Resistant Materials
· Choose the most appropriate method of joining components together for the task in hand.
· Understand that joining materials can be mechanical or chemical.
· Understand the choice of joining method is reliant on a range of criteriato include:
Strength.
Appearance.
Cost.
Function.
Durability.
Location.
Material.
· Understand how to join like and unlike materials together.
· Understand that material joining can be permanent and temporary.
· Understand the health and safety requirements when using hazardous chemicals.
· Be familiar with the terms clearance hole and pilot hole.
· Choose the most appropriate method of joining components together for the task in hand.
· Understand that joining materials can be mechanical or chemical.
· Understand the choice of joining method is reliant on a range of criteriato include:
Strength.
Appearance.
Cost.
Function.
Durability.
Location.
Material.
· Understand how to join like and unlike materials together.
· Understand that material joining can be permanent and temporary.
· Understand the health and safety requirements when using hazardous chemicals.
· Be familiar with the terms clearance hole and pilot hole.
Wood
· Understand that wood joints can be classified as frame or box / carcass construction.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent
Frame: Mitre.
Dowel.
Mortise and tenon.
Halving.
Bridle joint.
Box/carcass: Butt.
Lap.
Housing.
Dovetail.
Comb joint.
PVA (wood to wood).
Contact Adhesive.
Epoxy Resin (wood to other materials).
Nails.
Biscuit joints.
Temporary Screw (Countersunk and round head).
Knock downfittings.
· Understand that wood joints can be classified as frame or box / carcass construction.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent
Frame: Mitre.
Dowel.
Mortise and tenon.
Halving.
Bridle joint.
Box/carcass: Butt.
Lap.
Housing.
Dovetail.
Comb joint.
PVA (wood to wood).
Contact Adhesive.
Epoxy Resin (wood to other materials).
Nails.
Biscuit joints.
Temporary Screw (Countersunk and round head).
Knock downfittings.
Metal
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent Rivets.
Pop rivets.
Welding.
Brazing.
Silver soldering.
Epoxy resin.
Temporary Self tapping screws.
Nuts and bolts.
Scan fittings.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent Rivets.
Pop rivets.
Welding.
Brazing.
Silver soldering.
Epoxy resin.
Temporary Self tapping screws.
Nuts and bolts.
Scan fittings.
Plastics
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent Liquid solvent cement.
Tensol.
Epoxy resin.
Contact adhesive.
Temporary Self tapping screws.
Nuts and bolts.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following joining processes:
Permanent Liquid solvent cement.
Tensol.
Epoxy resin.
Contact adhesive.
Temporary Self tapping screws.
Nuts and bolts.
Finishing Resistant Materials
· Understand that finishes are applied to protect resistant materials for functional reasons including:
Dirt.
Liquids.
Oxidisation.
Scratching.
Tarnishing.
Weather.
Fungal attack.
Heat.
· Understand that finishes are applied to resistant materials for aesthetic reasons including:
Colour.
Quality.
Style.
Shine.
· Understand that choosing an appropriate finish is reliant on a range of issues including:
Type of material.
Function of the finish.
How it will be applied.
Skill of the person applying the finish.
Cost.
· Understand that finishes can be pre applied at or after the production stage.
· Understand that for every finishing process there are a number of stages necessary to achieve a goodquality finish.
· Understand that finishes are applied to protect resistant materials for functional reasons including:
Dirt.
Liquids.
Oxidisation.
Scratching.
Tarnishing.
Weather.
Fungal attack.
Heat.
· Understand that finishes are applied to resistant materials for aesthetic reasons including:
Colour.
Quality.
Style.
Shine.
· Understand that choosing an appropriate finish is reliant on a range of issues including:
Type of material.
Function of the finish.
How it will be applied.
Skill of the person applying the finish.
Cost.
· Understand that finishes can be pre applied at or after the production stage.
· Understand that for every finishing process there are a number of stages necessary to achieve a goodquality finish.
Wood
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following wood finishing processes:
Varnish.
Prime, undercoat and paint.
Teak oil.
Thermosetting plastic laminate.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following wood finishing processes:
Varnish.
Prime, undercoat and paint.
Teak oil.
Thermosetting plastic laminate.
Metal
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following metal finishing processes:
Paint and primer.
Cellulose paint.
Laquer.
Plastic coating.
Enamelling.
Oil finishing black steel.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages in the following metal finishing processes:
Paint and primer.
Cellulose paint.
Laquer.
Plastic coating.
Enamelling.
Oil finishing black steel.
Plastic
· Understand that most plastics come ready finished.
· Understand that it is important to protect the surface from marks and scratches during the manufacturing process.
· Understand that thicker plastic sheet material will often require edge finishing.
· Understand that plastics can be coloured using spray paints.
· Understand that most plastics come ready finished.
· Understand that it is important to protect the surface from marks and scratches during the manufacturing process.
· Understand that thicker plastic sheet material will often require edge finishing.
· Understand that plastics can be coloured using spray paints.
Mechanisms and components to create moving parts in products
· Understand a range of components and parts that allow products to move, fold, slide, hinge, pivot, reduce and increase in size.
· Understand simple mechanisms that will enable resistant material products to move, fold, slide, hinge, pivot, reduce and
increase in size, including:
Cams and followers.
Levers.
Linkages.
Gears.
· Understand a range of components and parts that allow products to move, fold, slide, hinge, pivot, reduce and increase in size.
· Understand simple mechanisms that will enable resistant material products to move, fold, slide, hinge, pivot, reduce and
increase in size, including:
Cams and followers.
Levers.
Linkages.
Gears.
ICT, CAD AND CAM
This section is about the use of Computer Aided Design and manufacturing in the production of commercially produced products and its use and application in school.
This section is about the use of Computer Aided Design and manufacturing in the production of commercially produced products and its use and application in school.
ICT (Information Communication Technology)
· Use word processing software to create text.
· Edit text using word processing software.
· Check spelling and grammar using word processing software.
· Use spreadsheet software to collate numerical data.
· Create graphs and charts using spreadsheet software.
· Access the internet and world wide web.
· Use search engines to find information to aid the design process.
· Access relevant resources.
· Download information and resources for use.
· Use word processing software to create text.
· Edit text using word processing software.
· Check spelling and grammar using word processing software.
· Use spreadsheet software to collate numerical data.
· Create graphs and charts using spreadsheet software.
· Access the internet and world wide web.
· Use search engines to find information to aid the design process.
· Access relevant resources.
· Download information and resources for use.
CAD (Computer Aided Design)
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the use of CAD, use of appropriate CAD software to model, test, refine,
develop and present ideas.
· Understand the direct link between CAD and CAM.
· Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the use of CAD, use of appropriate CAD software to model, test, refine,
develop and present ideas.
· Understand the direct link between CAD and CAM.
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture)
· Recognise advantages and disadvantages of the use of CAM, select and prepare appropriate CAM machinery.
· Understand the main stages of manufacture from CAD drawing to manufactured component.
· Plan and set up CAM machinery.
· Use of appropriate CAM machinery.
· Understand the need to ensure efficient and cost effective use of materials when preparing to cut multiple components.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a CAM Vinyl cutting device to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate cutter.
Remove material from machine.
Applying CAM material to the product.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a CAM routing / engraving or milling machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading material into machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Understand need to calculate tool paths.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a Laser cutting machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a Rapid prototyping / 3D printing machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.
· Recognise advantages and disadvantages of the use of CAM, select and prepare appropriate CAM machinery.
· Understand the main stages of manufacture from CAD drawing to manufactured component.
· Plan and set up CAM machinery.
· Use of appropriate CAM machinery.
· Understand the need to ensure efficient and cost effective use of materials when preparing to cut multiple components.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a CAM Vinyl cutting device to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate cutter.
Remove material from machine.
Applying CAM material to the product.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a CAM routing / engraving or milling machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading material into machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Understand need to calculate tool paths.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a Laser cutting machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.
· Understand and be able to identify the main stages using a Rapid prototyping / 3D printing machine to include:
Preparing CAD drawing.
Loading materia linto machine.
Appropriate cutting settings.
Operate machine.
Remove material from machine.